The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) is a Micronesian nation on 29
coral atolls and 5 low-lying islands in the central Pacific, mid-way
between Hawaii and Australia.
In 1978 the Marshall Islands in
referendum separated from the rest of Micronesia and adopted the
Constitution in 1979, which came into effect on May 1, 1979 and
established the Marshall Islands a self-governing country.
In 1986,
the Compact of Free Association with the United States was signed
granting the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) its sovereignty and
independence on 21 October 1986. The RMI became a member of the United
Nations in 1991.
The 1979 Constitution sets forth a unicameral
parliamentary system. However, the President is both Chief of State and
Head of Government and is elected by members of the Nitjela
(Parliament). This element makes the Government of the Marshall Islands a
mixed parliamentary presidential system. The Marshall Islands has a
bicameral legislature which consists of two Houses: the lower house or
Nitijela (33 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year
terms who have legislative power) and the upper house or Council of
Iroij (an advisory body comprising 12 tribal chiefs who advise on
customary issues).
The legal system of RMI is based on adapted Trust
Territory laws (the American common law), acts of the legislature,
municipal, common, and customary laws. For example, the Laws of
Copyrights, Patents and Trademarks of the United States are applicable
in Marshall Islands. unsecured loans
The Preamble of the Constitution guarantees
sui generis rights concerning the respect and protection of traditional
cultural expressions and traditional knowledge stating: "All we have and
are today as a people, we have received as a sacred heritage which we
pledge ourselves to safeguard and maintain, valuing nothing more dearly
than our rightful home on the islands within the traditional boundaries
of this archipelago." The traditional rights are furthermore recognized
in Article X. "Traditional Rights".
The Constitution also
contains many provisions that specifically recognize and guarantee the
right to property. Section 4 of Article II "Bill of Rights" prohibits
the deprivation of private property, providing in part: "1) No person
shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of
law..." bad credit loans
The protection of private property rights is again
specified in Subsection 4(10), Subsections 5(1), (4), (8) of Article II
"Bill of Rights, Subsection 15 (3) of Article VIII "Finance". Similarly,
the protection of property or other assets of Government is also
stipulated in Subsection 4 (c) of Article I "Supremacy of the
Constitution”.
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